Effect of Blend Ratio on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Butadiene Rubber, Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber and Chlorinated Paraffins Blends

Abstract

In the present study, the influence of blend ratio (mass percentage ratio 100/0, 80/20, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 80/20, 0/100) on the curing efficiency and mechanical properties has been studied for two kinds of rubber blends, namely butadiene rubber + ethylene propylene diene rubber (BR/EPDM) and butadiene rubber + ethylene propylene diene rubber + chlorinated paraffin (BR/EPDM/CP). The efficiency of proposed compatibilization technique which includes two-roll mill mixing and vulcanization under the press is verified by the improvement of the mechanical properties of the blend vulcanizates. The compatibility of blends was also evaluated in terms of their cure characteristics, rheological and mechanical properties. Rheometric characteristics (ML, MH, t_c90, t_s1, and CRI) and Mooney viscosity were determined. The cure time t_c90 of BR/EPDM/CP rubber blends increases with an increasing of the EPDM content in the polymer blend. The relatively shorter cure time t_c90 of BR/EPDM/CP indicates on better co-curing compared to BR/EPDM rubber blends

This work was supported by а grant from the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics

Please cite this article as:

Sukhareva K.V., Mikhailov I.A., Mamin E.A., et al. Effect of blend ratio on rheological and mechanical properties of butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber and chlorinated paraffins blends. Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Series Natural Sciences, 2023, no. 5 (110), pp. 170--180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18698/1812-3368-2023-5-170-180

Литература

[1] Soney G.C., Sabu T. Ethylene propylene diene rubber/natural rubber blends. In: Polyolefin Blends. Wiley, 2007, pp. 441--472.

[2] El-Sabbagh S.H. Compatibility study of natural rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2003, vol. 90, iss. 1, pp. 1--11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.12345

[3] Sahakaro K., Naskar N., Datta R.N., et al. Blending of NR/BR/EPDM by reactive processing for tire sidewall applications. I. Preparation, cure characteristics and mechanical properties. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2007, vol. 103, iss. 4, pp. 2538--2546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.25088

[4] Horvath JW. Improved heat and ozone resistant NBR/epichlorohydrin blends. Patent EP 0687708. Appl. 04.11.1998, publ. 09.06.1995.

[5] Wang J., Xue L., Zhao B., et al. Flame retardancy, fire behavior, and flame retardant mechanism of intumescent flame retardant EPDM containing ammonium polyphosphate/pentaerythrotol and expandable graphite. Materials, 2019, vol. 12, iss. 24, art. 4035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12244035

[6] Botros S.H. Preparation and characteristics of NR/EPDM rubber blends. Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 2002, vol. 41, iss. 2, pp. 341--359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/PPT-120002572

[7] Nihmath A., Ramesan M.T. Development of novel elastomeric blends derived from chlorinated nitrile rubber and chlorinated ethylene propylene diene rubber. Polym. Test., 2020, vol. 89, art. 106728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106728

[8] Lewis C., Bunyung S., Kiatkamjornwong S. Rheological properties and compatibility of NR/EPDM and NR/brominated EPDM blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2003, vol. 89, iss. 3, pp. 837--847. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.12329

[9] Arayapranee W., Rempel G.L. Properties of NR/EPDM blends with or without methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene (MBS) as a compatibilizer. Int. J. Mater. Struct. Reliab., 2007, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1--12.

[10] Oliveira M.G., Soares B.G. Mercapto-modified copolymers in polymer blends. III. The effect of functionalized ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM) on curing and mechanical Properties of NBR/EPDM blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001,vol. 82, iss. 1, pp. 38--52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1821

[11] Jovanovic V., Samarzija-Jovanovic S., Budinski-Simendic J., et al. Composites based on carbon black reinforced NBR/EPDM rubber blends. Compos. B. Eng., 2013, vol. 45, iss. 1, pp. 333--340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.05.020

[12] Graf H.-J. Blend of EPDM and SBR using an EPDM of different origin as a compatibilizer. Patent US 6800691. Appl. 26.09.2001, publ. 05.10.2004.

[13] Motaung T., Luyt A.S., Thomas A. Morphology and properties of NR/EPDM rubber blends filled with small amounts of titania nanoparticles. Polym. Compos., 2011, vol. 32, iss. 8, pp. 1289--1296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.21150

[14] Zhang H., Datta R.N., Talma A.G., et al. Maleic-anhydride grafted EPM as compatibilising agent in NR/BR/EPDM blends. Eur. Polym. J., 2010, vol. 46, iss. 4, pp. 754--766. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.12.020

[15] Ghosh A.K., Das A., Basu D.K. Effect of bis(diisopropyl)thiophosphoryl disulfide on the covulcanization of styrene-butadiene rubber and ethylene-propylene-diene (monomer) blends. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2004, vol. 92, iss. 2, pp. 1231--1242. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.20117

[16] Dahham O.S., Noriman N.Z., Sam S.T., et al. The effects of trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) as a compatibilizer on the properties of epoxidized natural rubber/recycled silicone catheter (ENR-25/rSC) vulcanizate. MATEC Web Conf., 2016, vol. 78, art. 01076. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20167801076

[17] Mohamad Aini N.A., Othman N., Hussin M.H., et al. Efficiency of interaction between hybrid fillers carbon black/lignin with various rubber-based compatibilizer, epoxidized natural rubber, and liquid butadiene rubber in NR/BR composites: mechanical, flexibility and dynamical properties. Ind. Crops Prod., 2022, vol. 185, art. 115167. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.115167

[18] Hopper R. Improved cocure of EPDM-polydiene blends by conversion of EPDM into macromolecular cure retarder. Rubber Chem. Technol., 1976, vol. 49, iss. 2, pp. 341--352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3534969

[19] Coran A.Y. Blends of dissimilar rubbers-cure-rate incompatibility. Rubber Chem. Technol., 1988, vol. 61, iss. 2, pp. 281--292. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3536188

[20] Morrissey R.T. Halogenation of ethylene propylene diene rubbers. Rubber Chem. Technol., 1971, vol. 44, iss. 4, pp. 1025--1042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5254/1.3547380

[21] Mayasari H.E., Setyorini I., Yuniari A. The blending of EPDM/NR with maleic anhydride as compatibilizer: comparing the effect of accelerators on cure characteristic and mechanical properties. Indones. J. Chem., 2019, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 106--114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijc.27730

[22] Abou-Helal M.O., El-Sabbagh S. A study on the compatibility of NR-EPDM blends using electrical and mechanical techniques. J. Elastomers Plast., 2005, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 319--346. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0095244305052011