Dark Matter as Fractality Effect of Topological Space Structure

The current research suggests the model in which the Universe possesses the fractal topological structure. We describe such structure by a homogeneous gas of cosmological wormholes. The study shows that the wormholes polarization effects in external gravitational fields lead to the spatial dispersion and modification of Newton’s law. We interpret such modification as the presence of dark matter. The dependence on scales is determined by the distribution of wormholes over the distances between throat mouths. Findings of the research show that the fractal law of the wormholes distribution gives a clear explanation for the empirically observed distribution of dark matter in galaxies.

References

[1] Diemand J., Zemp M., Moore B., Stadel J., Carollo M. Cusps in cold dark matter haloes. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomjcal Socjety, 2005, vol. 364, no. 2, pp. 665-673.

[2] Milgrom M. A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis. Astrophysjcal Journal, 1983, vol. 270, pp. 365-370.

[3] Penrose R. 2010 Cycles of time: An extraordinary new view of the universe. UK, London, Bodley Head.

[4] Knizhnik V., Polyakov A., Zamolodchikov A. Fractal structure of 2D quantum gravity. Mod. Phys. Lett. A, 1988, vol. 3, p. 819.

[5] Kawai H., Kawamoto N., Mogami T., Watabiki Y. Transfer matrix formalism for two-dimensional quantum gravity and fractal structures of space-time. Phys. Lett. B, 1993, vol. 306, pp. 19-26.

[6] Ambjorn J., Jurkiewicz J., Loll R. Spectral dimension of the Universe. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2005, vol. 95, p. 171301.

[7] Coleman P.H., Pietronero L. The fractal structure of the Universe. Phys. Rep., 1992, vol. 213, pp. 311-389.

[8] Kirillov A.A., Turaev D. Foam-like structure of the Universe. Phys. Lett. B, 2007, vol. 656, pp. 1-8.

[9] Kirillov A.A., Savelova E.P., Shamshutdinova G.D. On the topological bias of discrete sources in the gas of wormholes. JETP Lett., 2009, vol. 90, pp. 599-603.

[10] Fukugitai M., Hogan C.J., Peebles P.J.E. The cosmic baryon budget. Astrophysical Journal, 1998, vol. 503, p. 518.

[11] Kirillov A.A. The nature of dark matter. Phys. Lett. B, 2006, vol. 632, pp. 453-462.

[12] Kirillov A.A., Savelova E.P. Dark matter from a gas of wormholes. Phys. Lett. B, 2008, vol. 660, pp. 93-99.

[13] Khatsymovsky V. Can wormholes exist? Phys. Lett. B, 1994, vol. 320, pp. 234-240.

[14] Kirillov A.A., Savelova E.P. Cosmological wormholes. Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, 2016, vol. 25, p. 1650075.

[15] Kirillov A.A., Savelova E.P. Density perturbations in a gas of wormholes. Mon. Not. RAS, 2011, vol. 412, pp. 1710-1720.

[16] Savelova E.P. Gas of wormholes in Euclidean quantum field theory. Grav. Cosmol., 2015, vol. 21, pp. 48-56.

[17] Nicarstro F., Mathur S., Elvis M., Drake J., Fiore F., Fang T., Fruscione A., Krongold Y., Marshall H., Williams R. Chandra detection of the first X-ray forest along the line of sight to Markarian 421. Astrophysical Journal, 2005, vol. 629, p. 700.

[18] Tripp T.M., Sembach K.R., Bowen D.V., Savage B.D., Jenkins E.B., Lehner N., Richter P. A High-resolution survey of low-redshift QSO absorption lines: statistics and physical conditions of O VI vbsorbers. Astrophysical Journal. Suppliment series, 2008, vol. 177, p. 39.

[19] Buote D.A., Zappacosta L., Fang T., Humphrey P.J., Gastaldello F., Tagliaferri G. X-Ray absorption by WHIM in the sculptor wall. Astrophysical Journal, 2009, vol. 695, p. 1351.

[20] Kirillov A.A., Turaev D. The Universal rotation curve of spiral galaxies. Mon. Not. RAS. L, 2006, vol. 371, pp. 31-35.