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infrared spectral range (

0

.

01

. . .

10

cm

1

. So far a hypothesis has been

made that at early stage of the Universe existence, a phase transition

with formation of superstructure with a period of the order of

10

15

(characteristic length of weak interactions) took place. As a result of

such phase transition, finite dimension clusters performing translational,

respiratory, and axion oscillations were formed in vacuum. Therefore,

particles analogous to acoustic and optical photons which are characteristic

of complex crystal structures should exist in vacuum.

This paper analyzes properties of different types of bose-particles

present in material media and in vacuum. Vacuum bosons correspond to

oscillations of vacuum clusters due to softening of certain type oscillations

(modes) of initial vacuum and are analogous to soft modes of crystal

lattice dynamics which induce structural phase transitions in ferrielectric,

ferroelastic and multiferroic materials. This article analyzes the relationship

between energy and momentum (dispersion laws) for different types of

bosons and processes of non-elastic interaction between them including

the boson-photon conversion effect, which was analyzed before during

theoretical and experimental research [3, 4].

Bosons in material media.

Acoustic and optical phonons are known

bosons (quasi-particles) in crystals, their spectrum being determined by the

character of elastic interaction of atoms or ions forming a crystal lattice.

Polar oscillations of crystal lattices cause formation of hybrid electro-

mechanical waves. Respective bosons are called lattice polaritons [5, 6].

The dispersion law for polaritons in dielectric crystals is derived from

the analysis of the Maxwell equation:

rot

~E

=

∂ ~B

∂t

;

rot

~H

=

∂ ~B

∂t

;

div

~D

= 0;

div

~B

= 0

.

(1)

Solution (1) is sought in the form of transverse and longitudinal

electromagnetic waves:

~E

=

~E

0

exp

i

(

kr

ωt

)

.

(2)

In the case of cubic non-magnetic two-atom crystals for transverse

polaritons the following equation holds true:

div

~D

=

ε

0

, ε

(

ω

)

i

(

~k ~E

) = 0;

ε

(

ω

) =

ε

ω

2

l

ω

2

ω

2

0

ω

2

;

~E

~k

;

(3)

ω

2

=

c

2

0

k

2

(

ω

2

0

ω

2

)

ε

(

ω

2

l

ω

2

;

ω

2

±

=

ω

2

l

+

c

2

k

2

2

1

±

s

1

4

ω

2

0

c

2

k

2

(

ω

2

l

+

c

2

k

2

)

2

;

c

2

=

c

2

0

ε

.

ISSN 1812-3368. Herald of the BMSTU. Series “Natural Sciences”. 2015. No. 1

37